とある大学のPhD Prelim Examの範囲 [本]

こちら北米の大学の哲学科では一般的に、博士課程に入り1年ぐらいするとPhD Preliminary Examsというのを受けさせられ、それに通ると、ステータスがたんなるPhD Student（博士課程学生）からPhD Candidate（博士候補者）となり、しかるのちに博士論文を提出しそれが受理されればめでたく博士号取得という運びになるのですが、先日ある大学のPhD Prelim ExamsのPhilosophy of Logic分野の問題出題範囲を眺めてみました。以下の文献から問題が出題されるそうです。

Surveys/Background Reading

• W. V. O. Quine. Philosophy of logic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• A. C. Grayling. An Introduction to Philosophical logic. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 1997.
• Susan Haack. Philosophy of Logics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
• Sainsbury. Logical Forms. 2nd ed. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.
• Stephen Read. Thinking about logic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1995
• Kirkham. Theories of truth. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1992.
• Williamson. Vagueness. London and New York: Routledge, 1994.

Required Readings

Truth

• Alfred Tarski. The semantic conception of truth (1944). M3 61-84, M4 69-91
• J. L. Austin. Truth (1950) BS 149-161
• P. F. Strawson. Truth (1950) BS 162-182
• Donald Davidson. Truth and meaning (1967). L 89-108, M3 92-103, M4 98-109
• Michael Dummett. Truth (1958) S 49-68
• Saul Kripke. Outline of a theory of truth (1975) Jac 70-85
• Paul Horwich. The minimalist conception of truth. (1998). BS 237-263

Logical connectives, conditionals

• Arthur N. Prior. The runabout inference ticket (1960). S 129-131
• Nuel D. Belnap. Tonk, plonk and plink (1962). S 132-137
• Dorothy Edgington. Do conditionals have truth conditions? (1986) J 176-201, H 28-49
• Nelson Goodman. The problem of counterfactual conditionals (1947). J 9-27
• David Lewis. Counterfactual dependence and time's arrow (1979). J 46-75
• Robert Stalnaker. A theory of conditionals (1968). J 28-45
• Robert Stalnaker. Indicative conditionals (1975). J 136-154

Quantification

• W. V. O. Quine. On what there is. In: From a Logical Point of View.
• W. V. O. Quine. Existence and quantification (1969). H 162-177
• Saul Kripke. Is there a problem about substitutional quantification? In: Gareth Evans and John McDowell. Truth and Meaning. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1976, 325-419
• J. Michael Dunn and Nuel D. Belnap. The substitution interpretation of the quantifiers. Nous 2 (1968), 177-185
• George Boolos. On second-order logic (1975). In Logic, Logic, and Logic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. 37-53.
• George Boolos. To be is to be the value of a variable (or to be some values of some variables) (1984). In Logic, Logic, and Logic. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998. 54-72.

Propositions

• Gottlob Frege. The thought (1925). L 9-30, S 17-38
• Alonzo Church. Propositions and sentences (1956). RT 276-282
• Richard Cartwright. Propositions, in R. J. Butler, Analytical Philosophy, 1st series, Oxford: Basil Blackwell 1962 (reprinted with addenda in Richard Cartwright, Philosophical Essays, Cambridge: MIT Press 1987)

Consequence

• Alfred Tarski. On the concept of logical consequence (1935). Jac 210-215
• John Etchemendy. Tarski on truth and logical consequence (1988). Jac 247-267

Vagueness

• Bertrand Russell. Vagueness (1923). KS 61-68
• Max Black. Vagueness: an exercise in logical analysis (1937). KS 69-81
• Carl G. Hempel. Vagueness and logic (1939). KS 82-84
• Kit Fine. Vagueness, truth, and logic (1975). KS 119-150

Modal Logic

• W. V. O. Quine. Three grades of modal involvement (1953). In The Ways of Paradox 156-174
• W. V. O. Quine. Quantifiers and propositional attitudes (1956) Jac 285-291, M3 330-336, M4 355-360
• W. V. O. Quine. Reference and modality (1961). In: Linsky, Leonard. Reference and Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971
• Arthur Smullyan, Modality and Descriptions (1948) In: Linsky, Leonard. Reference and Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971
• David Kaplan. Quantifying In (1968) Jac 318-337, M3 347-368, M4 371-391
• David Kaplan. Opacity (1986). In Edwin Hahn and Paul A. Schilpp, eds., The Philosophy of W. V. O. Quine. Open Court. 229-288
• Saul Kripke. Semantical considerations on modal logic. Linsky, Leonard. Reference and Modality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971, 63-72. (1963)
• David Lewis. Counterpart theory and quantified modal logic (1968). Jac 292-300

いずれも著名な文献であり、おれも読んだことのあるものがけっこうあるんですが、これらすべてに目を通し、内容をしっかり消化するってのは、なまなかで済むようなことではありません。しかも、PhD Prelim Examsの範囲はとうぜんPhil. Log.だけではなく、この大学だと全部でみっつのジャンル（他には例えば、メタフィジだとか認識論だとか政治哲学だとか）をこなさなければならないので、単純計算たいへんさは3倍になるわけで、これはなかなかたいへんそうです（他人事）。

ともあれ、上記文献リストは「論理学の哲学の基礎知識」とでも呼べるものを習得するには有益そうなので、紹介してみた次第です。